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Transferring Land on Paper in the Names of Sons

Inheritance,Inheritance,Transferring Land on Paper in the Names of Sons

Fatwa No :
89406
| Date :
2025-12-01
معاملات / ترکات / احکام وراثت

Transferring Land on Paper in the Names of Sons

What do the esteemed Muftis say regarding the following matter: Alhamdulillah, our father is alive. To protect his children from future disputes, he prepared the attached hiba-nama (gift deed) and declared it to be in accordance with Islamic procedure. Regarding the distribution mentioned in this hiba-nama, we would like to state that, so far, it exists only on paper; no practical division has taken place yet. Our father says that even if he passes away, everyone will receive their shares according to this same procedure. The actual reason for initiating this process is that I (Ismail) expressed to my father that he should give me my share, so that I may plan my future accordingly.
Now, we request your guidance on what the Shari‘ah teaches in this matter, and what procedure we should adopt so that we may avoid any Shari‘ah-related complications in the future.

الجوابُ حامِدا ًو مُصلیِّا ً

It should be clear that every person, during his healthy lifetime and before entering into a death-illness, is the sole owner of all his wealth and property. He may dispose of it in any manner he wishes; he is not obligated to distribute it, nor does any of the children have the right to compel him to make such a distribution. However, if a person, during his healthy lifetime and without any force or pressure, purely out of his own choice and willingness, wishes to distribute his wealth and property among his children, then he has the right to do so. Such a distribution is not regarded as inheritance but is treated as hiba (gift). The preferable method is that he keeps with himself whatever he wishes for the remainder of his life, and if he wants to give something to his wife, he may do so. Then the remaining wealth and property should be distributed equally among all his children—sons and daughters—and each one should be given full ownership and possession of his or her allotted share, so that the hiba (gift) becomes valid and complete according to Shariah. Merely writing names on documents is not sufficient. However, if he wishes to give one of his children more than the others due to reasons such as their service, need, or religious commitment, then he also has the right to do so.
Accordingly, based on the details mentioned above, the distribution written in the hiba-nama attached to the question does not conform to Islamic teachings due to the inequality among the children. If, during this period, the questioner’s father passes away by Allah’s decree, then according to Shari‘ah this hiba will hold no legal standing and will not be enforceable. Rather, the estate must then be distributed among the heirs alive at that time, according to the shares prescribed by Allah Ta‘ala. However, if the father wishes to distribute his wealth and property among his children during his lifetime, then he should do so according to the method mentioned above.

مأخَذُ الفَتوی

کما فی مشکاۃ المصابیح: عن النعمان بن بشیر أن أباہ أتی بہ إلی رسول اللہ صلی اللہ علیہ و سلم فقال إنی نحلت ھذا غلاماً، فقال أ کل ولدک نحلت مثلہ؟ قال لا قال فارجعہ و فی روایۃ : قال فاتقوا اللہ و اعدلوا بین أولادکم الخ (باب العطایا ج1، ص261، ط: قدیمی)۔
وفی الدر المختار : متی وقف حآل صحتہ وقال علی فرضیۃ الشرعیۃ قسم علی ذکورھم واناثھم بالسویۃ ھو المختار المنقول عن الاخیار کما حققہ مفتی دمشق یحی ابن المنقار فی ال؎رسالۃ المرضیۃ علی الفرضیۃ الشرعیۃ الخ
وفی الشامیۃ تحت :(قولہ کما حققہ مفتی دمشق الخ) أقول حاصل ما ذكره في الرسالة المذكورة أنه ورد في الحديث أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم قال سووا بين أولادكم في العطية ولو كنت مؤثرًا أحدًا لآثرت النساء على الرجال، رواه سعيد في سننه وفي صحيح مسلم من حديث النعمان بن بشير: اتقوا الله واعدلوا في أولادكم، فالعدل من حقوق الأولاد في العطايا والوقف عطية فيسوي بين الذكر والأنثى، لأنهم فسروا العدل في الأولاد بالتسوية في العطايا حال الحياة. وفي الخانية : و لو وهب شيئًا لأولاده في الصحة، وأراد تفضيل البعض على البعض روي عن أبي حنيفة لا بأس به إذا كان التفضيل لزيادة فضل في الدين وإن كانوا سواء يكره، و روى المعلى عن أبي يوسف أنه لا بأس به إذا لم يقصد الإضرار وإلا سوى بينهم، وعليه الفتوى، و قال محمد : ويعطي للذكر ضعف الأنثى، وفي التتارخانية معزيًا إلى تتمة الفتاوى قال: ذكر في الاستحسان في كتاب الوقف :وينبغي للرجل أن يعدل بين أولاده في العطايا والعدل في ذلك التسوية بينهم في قول أبي يوسف وقد أخذ أبو يوسف حكم وجوب التسوية من الحديث، وتبعه أعيان المجتهدين، وأوجبوا التسوية بينهم وقالوا يكون آثما في التخصيص وفي التفضيل الخ (کتاب الوقف، ج4، ص444، ط:سعید)۔
و فی الھندیۃ : و منھا أن یکون الموھوب مقبوضاً حتی لا یثبت الملک للموھوب لہ قبل القبض وأن یکون الموھوب مقسوماً إذا کان مما یحتمل القسمۃ وأن یکون الموھوب متمیزاً عن غیر الموھوب ولا یکون متصلا ولا مشغولا بغیر الموھوب حتی لو وھب أرضاً فیھا زرع للواھب دون زرع أو عکسہ أو نخلاً فیھا ثمرۃ للواھب معلقۃ بہ دون الثمرۃ أو عکسہ لا تجوز وکذا لو وھب داراً أو ظرفاً فیھا متاع للواھب کذا فی النھایۃ الخ ( کتاب الھبۃ، ج4، ص374، ط: ماجدیۃ)۔
وفی شرح المجلۃ: کل یتصرف فی ملکہ کیف شاء لکن إذا تعلّق حق الغیر بہ یمنع المالک من تصرفہ الخ (فصل فی بیان بعض القواعد ،ج4، ص 132، ط: حقانیۃ)۔

And Allah knows best
انعام اللہ حمد عُفی عنه
دار الافتاء جامعه بنوریه عالمیه

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