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Who will bear the loss after selling the crop?

Financial Transactions,Buying and Selling,Who will bear the loss after selling the crop?

Fatwa No :
84611
| Date :
2025-07-26
معاملات / مالی معاوضات / خرید و فروخت

Who will bear the loss after selling the crop?

Please provide guidance in the light of Islamic teachings. I sold a peach orchard with a ready crop to a person for 80,000 Pakistani rupees. Out of this amount, 30,000 was paid in advance, and 50,000 was to be paid upon the sale of the crop. According to the agreement, the responsibility for transporting the peaches from the orchard to the market and selling them along with all related expenses was upon the buyer. Now, he has sold the entire ready crop in the market and is claiming that he incurred a loss. He says that, according to Shariah, he is not obliged to pay me the remaining amount. What is the ruling of Islamic law regarding this situation?

الجوابُ حامِدا ًو مُصلیِّا ً

It should be clearly understood that once both parties have, at the time of sale and purchase, verbally or in writing, completed the offer and acceptance (ijab and qabul), and the sold item has been handed over to the buyer in such a manner that he has full right and authority to use and dispose of it as he wishes, the sale is considered complete. The buyer then becomes the lawful owner of the item, and all profit or loss related to it is transferred to him. After this, it is neither permissible to involve the seller in the matter nor to impose any liability or loss upon him. Therefore, in the case mentioned, since the transaction between the two parties was fully completed and the buyer has harvested the fruit and sold it in the market according to his own choice, the loss incurred is solely his responsibility. Shifting this loss onto the seller and delaying the payment of the remaining amount on this pretext is impermissible according to Shariah and constitutes a legal offence. The seller, therefore, has the right to pursue legal action against him.

مأخَذُ الفَتوی

کما فی الدر المختار:(وإذا وجدا لزم البيع) بلا خيار إلا لعيب أو رؤية الخ(کتاب البیوع ج4 ص506 ط: سعید)۔
و فی الفتاوى الهندیة: رجل اشترى بقرة، فقال للبائع: سقها إلى منزلك حتى أجيء خلفك إلى منزلك وأسوقها إلى منزلي، فماتت البقرة في يد البائع، فإنها تهلك من مال البائع، فإن ادعى البائع تسليم البقرة كان القول قول المشتري مع يمينه. اشترى دابة مريضة في إصطبل البائع، فقال المشتري: تكون هنا الليلة، فإن ماتت ماتت لي فهلكت، هلكت من مال البائع لا من مال المشتري كذا في فتاوى قاضي خان.الخ(الفصل الثاني في تسليم المبيع وفيما يكون قبضا الخ ج3 ص20 ) ط: رشيديه)۔
وفی شرح المجلۃ للاتاسی:(المادة 263) تسليم المبيع يحصل بالتخلية ۔۔۔۔وهو أن يأذن البائع للمشتري بقبض المبيع مع عدم وجود مانع من تسليم المشتري إياه۔۔۔۔۔(المادة 264) متى حصل تسليم المبيع صار المشتري قابضا له : یعنی متی وجدت التخلیۃ علی الوجہ المذکورفی المادۃ السابقۃ،صار المشتری قابضا وان لم یقبضہ حقیقۃ،لان تمکنہ من القبض بأذن البائع مع عدم المانع والحائل قائم مقام القبض الحقیقی ،فلوھلك المبیع ھلك علی المشتری لدخولہ فی ضمانہ الخ(الباب الخامس ، الفصل الاول فی بیان حقیقۃ التسلیم الخ ج2 ص192 ط: رشیدیۃ باکستان)۔

And Allah knows best
محمد الیاس عُفی عنه
دار الافتاء جامعه بنوریه عالمیه

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